Obscure 2 pc requisitos3/13/2023 ![]() In this context, information systems (IS) are seen as strategic tools for solving problems from a systemic view on three pillars: people, organizations and technologies. To mitigate these challenges, smart cities (SC) initiatives have been increasing worldwide, mainly due to the fact that information and communication technologies (ICT) are used to achieve service efficiency. The increase in traffic jam, violence, social inequality and global warming is one of the consequences of an uncontrolled growth. Since the world expected to reach the mark of 9.8 billion inhabitants by 2050, governments in all major cities are looking for strategies to break uncontrolled growth. The utility of analysing VMEs is compared to other ‘socio-political issues’-oriented methods in RE and methods which focus on monetized values in product requirements.Ĭhallenges related to the efficiency of public services tend to be greater with the population growth in urban areas. The validation studies provide evidence for the acceptability of the method for industrial practitioners, illustrating how value-related problems are identified and analysed effectively by the method. The method was used by all practitioners, although in different ways, some used it to create an agenda of issues for analysis while others employed the VMEs to interpret stakeholders’ views and manage stakeholder negotiations. Two method validation studies were undertaken: first, an evaluation of the website and method by novices and RE experts and second, case study applications of RE value analysis in real-world industrial practice. The method is supported by a website which illustrates the taxonomy with explanations and scenarios describing problems arising from value conflicts, and from poor understanding of stakeholder values. Emotions are cues to stakeholders’ reactions arising from value/motivation conflicts. Motivations are psychological constructs related to personality traits which may be viewed as stakeholders’ long-term goals in RE. Values are personal attitudes or long-term beliefs which may influence stakeholder functional and non-functional requirements. The method consists of a taxonomy of stakeholders’ values, motivations and emotions (VME), with process guidance for eliciting and analysing these issues for the RE process and design implications. A method is described for analysing such issues. ‘Socio-political’ issues, such as emotions, values and people’s feelings, are often cited as problems in the RE process. Based on our analysis and informed by the information infrastructure literature, we propose four research streams: understanding how areas of (in)visibility are exploited and why how innovation is organized around matters of public confidence the co-construction of innovation and power and how digitalization impacts the territorialisation of knowledge. In a world where diffusion increasingly consists of reconfiguring existing capabilities, we propose to study digitalization efforts as infrastructural repair, a sensitizing concept which emphasises the work to maintain and transform material and political order in infrastructures and leverage hidden potential for innovation. The medicines supply chain emerges an information infrastructure characterised by highly politicised relationships among several stakeholders with heterogeneous interests, where trust is assumed a significant requirement. Our recommendations are derived from a study of digital solutions proposed and developed for the United Kingdom to combat falsified medicines. This paper presents future directions for the research agenda on information technology and systems diffusion. ![]() ![]() Effective requirements engineering in such cases is most effectively seen as a form of heterogeneous engineering in which technical, social, economic and institutional factors are brought together in a current solution space that provides the baseline for construction of proposed new solution spaces. Stabilisation of solutions into agreed-on specifications occurs only through the exercise of organisational power. These solution spaces are complex socio-technical ensembles that often exhibit non-linear behaviour in expansion due to domain complexity and political ambiguity. It argues that large-scale system requirements is constructed through a political decision process, whereby requirements emerge as a set of mappings between consecutive solution spaces justified by a problem space of concern to a set of principals. Political nature of requirements for large systems, and argues that requirements engineering theory and practice must become more engaged with these issues.
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